The ancient Celts invented the first alphabet in Europe
which is called the Ogham script. Each
letter is associated with a tree or an important plant. The alphabet was used as a mnemonic device to
encode knowledge, the Celtic song of the universe, Ceolta na Cruinne (Diana
Beresford-Kroeger). The thirteen months
of the year (pre-Gregorian calendar) were each represented by a particular
tree. The new year began on Nov. 1st
with Birch, followed by Rowan in December and Alder in January. The tree associated with February is Willow. It was called Saille and it represented the letter S.
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Saille S |
The willow that the Celts referred to was likely Goat
Willow (Salix caprea) or Pussywillow.
Weeping Willows (Salix babylonica) are native to China but were brought
to the UK in the 1730’s where it has become naturalized. Weeping Willow has become naturalized all
over the world. The American Pussywillow
(Salix discolor) is a North American variety and Grey willow (Salix cinerea) is
native to Northern Europe. “Willow is
known by many folk names, such as ‘osier’, ‘pussy willow’, ‘saille’, ‘Sally’, ‘withy’,
‘witch’s aspirin’, and the ‘tree of enchantment’.” (Paterson, p. 265) I think that, for our modern purposes you can
imagine whichever species of Willow that you know and by whatever name you know
it by.
Willow loves the water and is often found on riverbanks and
lakeshores. Alder is the king of the
water and Willow the queen according to ancient Celtic wisdom. Since Willow is water-seeking and the tides
are governed by the moon, Willow represents the female and lunar rhythms of
life. In the Celtic world, women were
property owners and both male and female energy was recognized equally. Willow’s
association with water and the moon has been seen as a connection to intuition,
imagination and clairvoyance and so harps were made of willow. It is a mediator of liminal spaces and has a
strong life force. Willows, water and the moon are connected with ancient gods
and goddesses from many civilizations including ancient Israel.
Willow has large fibrous roots which will send up new
shoots when branches are cut or break off.
Cuttings from willow will also root in water or in the earth and can be
propagated that way. Willows produce
both male and female catkins but on different plants. These catkins which we call “pussywillows” emerge
before the leaves representing fertility while providing early pollen for the
bees. Willow catkins are pollinated by insects and the wind. The seeds are scattered by the wind in fluffs
of cottony looking down. The seeds need
to land on moist ground where they can root quickly as they have no endosperm
to provide stored food.
The Celts used Willow branches, called sally rods as a
weaving material for baskets and donkey panniers to carry turf from the
bogs. Smaller branches were used for
household brushes. Hen baskets were
woven from Willow in a loose weave which reduced feather mites but protected
the eggs.
Wattle is a technique that goes back to Neolithic
times. It is the weaving of thin branches
through upright stakes to construct baskets, fish traps, fences and house walls
and one form of a Welsh coracle which was used on the Severn River. Willow was often used for wattling. Willow wood is also used for boxes, brooms,
cricket bats, cradle boards, furniture, flutes, poles, sweat lodges, toys and
many other things.
Willow was used for pain relief as it has salicylates in
the bark and as a rose-tan dye for raw linen and wool. The bark contain 13%
tannic acid and so it was used in tanning leather.
Willows are excellent at bio-filtration to remove pollutants
including heavy metals from water. They
stabilize stream banks and lakeshores to prevent erosion, reclaim soil, provide
a windbreak and a wildlife habitat.
“The energy of Willow assists in easing the difficult
feelings that arise from periods of change and the sense of loss that often
follows.” (Forest, p75) Willow is the
energy “to go forth, into the unknown, with greater confidence and trust in
ourselves” (Kindred, p18). It enhances
the power of intuition and will allow emotions to come to the surface and move
through grief to healing. The Willow
twig that roots easily when placed in the earth or in water teaches us that in
every loss is a new capacity for growth. “Willow is recommended for use when
seeking to understand ancient ways.” (Kindred, p19) “It is thought that the origins of the saying
‘Knock on wood’ came from the age-old act of knocking on a willow tree to avert
evil and bring good luck.” (Paterson, p.264)
Willow is the tree of boundaries and thus teaches us how to protect our
own boundaries.
This is a compilation of information taken from the
following sources:
Diana Beresford-Kroeger (2019) To Speak for the
Trees. Random House: Canada.
Danu Forest (2014) Celtic Tree Magic: Ogham
Lore and Druid Mysteries. Llewellyn Worldwide: Woodbury, Minnesota.
Glennie Kindred, (1997) The Tree Ogham.
Glennie Kindred: UK.
Liz and Colin Murray (1988) The Celtic Tree
Oracle. Connections Book Publishing: London, UK.
Jacqueline Memory Peterson (1996) Tree
Wisdom: The definitive guidebook to the myth, folklore and healing power of
Trees. Thorsons: London.
Elen Sentier (2014) Trees of the Goddess. Moon Books:
Winchester, UK.